Water holding capacity The ability of soil to retain water available for plants, influenced by texture and organic matter content.
Water infiltration The entry of water into soil from the surface, influenced by soil texture, structure, and vegetation cover.
Waterlogging The saturation of soil with water to the point where air-filled pores are depleted, limiting root and microbial activity.
Watershed An area of land where all precipitation drains into a common outlet, such as a river or lake.
Weathering The breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological processes.
Wilting point The soil moisture content at which plants cannot recover turgor even when atmospheric humidity improves.
