The concentration of dissolved salts in soil or water, commonly measured in deciSiemens per meter (dS/m).
The accumulation of soluble salts in soils, which can hinder crop growth and degrade soil quality.
Soil particles between 0.05 and 2 mm in diameter, giving soil a gritty texture and good drainage.
Soils dominated by sand particles, characterized by rapid drainage and low nutrient-holding capacity.
The condition in which all soil pores are filled with water, leaving no air space.
A mechanical or chemical treatment applied to seeds or soil surfaces to break dormancy or crusts, enhancing germination and infiltration.
A mineral formed by the alteration of primary minerals during weathering, such as kaolinite or gypsum.
The process by which soil particles settle from suspension in water or air, forming layers of deposited material.
The slow movement of water through soil or along permeable layers, often into streams or groundwater.
The liquid and solid material pumped from septic tanks, sometimes applied to land with treatment or restrictions.
