Soil-dwelling invertebrates that consume organic matter, create burrows, and greatly enhance soil fertility, aeration, and structure.
A measure of human demand on ecosystems, often expressed as the land and resources required to sustain an individual or population.
The benefits humans obtain from ecosystems, including food production, water purification, pollination, and climate regulation.
Liquid waste, often from industrial or agricultural sources, discharged into the environment and potentially contaminating soil or water.
The downward movement of clay, organic matter, or minerals through a soil horizon by leaching.
Soils at risk of losing their productive capacity due to erosion, salinization, compaction, or pollution.
Species that are native to and restricted within a specific geographic region.
The wearing away and removal of soil or rock particles by wind, water, or ice, often accelerated by human activity.
Practices designed to reduce soil loss, such as terracing, cover crops, mulching, or windbreaks.
The potential risk of soil loss from a given area, depending on factors such as slope, rainfall intensity, soil type, and land management.
